Maqashid Al-Syari‘ah and Fiqh Muamalah Fatwas: A Qur’anic Analysis of Legal Rulings on Contemporary Transactions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61086/2vckng77Keywords:
Maqasid al-Syariah, Fatwa, Fiqh MuamalahAbstract
The development of digital technology has transformed patterns of economic transactions and generated various forms of contracts and business relationships that are not explicitly addressed in classical fiqh literature. This transformation requires an Islamic legal approach capable of connecting Qur’anic principles with the objectives of Islamic law and the needs of contemporary transactions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Qur’anic values, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, fiqh muamalah, and fatwas in determining legal provisions for contemporary transactions. The study employs a qualitative library research approach, combined with thematic Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī), maqāṣid-oriented Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr maqāṣidī), and qualitative content analysis. The primary sources include Qur’anic verses, classical and contemporary exegetical works, and four DSN-MUI fatwas concerning Islamic electronic money, technology-based financing, Islamic marketplaces, and online shops. The analysis focuses on the principles of justice, mutual consent, fulfillment of contracts, wealth protection, transparency, trustworthiness, and the prohibition of unlawful appropriation of wealth and ribā. The findings indicate that maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah functions as a bridge between Qur’anic values and the more operational legal provisions formulated in fiqh muamalah fatwas. Qur’anic values are translated into provisions concerning contractual clarity, fees or remuneration, ownership, fund protection, risk allocation, information disclosure, and the protection of the rights of contracting parties. The study emphasizes that maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah does not replace textual evidence but provides a framework for understanding legal objectives and consequences in response to changing forms of transactions. The proposed Qur’anic–Maqāṣidī–Fiqh–Fatwa framework can contribute to the development of fiqh muamalah that is responsive to economic and technological innovation while remaining oriented toward justice, public benefit, and the protection of rights in contemporary transactions.
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